Carmagnola Strain

Genetics & Lineage

Parentage not published by the breeder. No single parent pair is established for this catalog entry. Areto does not estimate parents it has no report of.

Academic research: The paper reports Carmagnola as a dioecious hemp variety developed in Italy and selected for fiber production (reported, not genetically tested). (2021; citation)

Academic research: The six Carmagnola mitochondrial-genome duplicates were assigned to the same haplotype group (group I), serving as positive controls. (2022; citation)

Academic research: Seven edestin-encoding cDNAs were isolated from Carmagnola and classified by sequence similarity into four type1 and three type2 edestin genes. (2025; citation)

Academic research: QTL mapping using WGS found that differences between Carmagnola and USO31 are mainly controlled by a small number of loci. (2022; citation)

Academic research: The paper reports the first complete mitochondrial reference genome was obtained in 2016 from hemp variety Carmagnola. (2021; citation)

Academic research: U.S. feral assemblies formed a subgroup within the European hemp cluster, positioned near the Italian fiber cultivar 'Carmagnola'. (2025; citation)

Academic research: Crosses between Asian and European hemp are reported to have produced Carmagnola; this is reported from cited literature, not tested in this paper. (2025; citation)

Effects

Aroma & Taste

Academic research (11 studies)

Peer-reviewed, open-access studies that examined samples sold or grown under this name. Findings describe those samples, not the breeder’s release, and may not match every product. Each quote is copied from the paper’s full text.

• Cannabinoids: Carmagnola (5 plants) averaged 3.89% CBD and 0.24% THC (THC/CBD 0.06), classed as Fiber type.
  Fiber

  “Carmagnola | 5 | 3.89 | 0.49 | 0.24 | 0.04 | 0.06 | Fiber”

  Cascini F et al. (2019). Highly Predictive Genetic Markers Distinguish Drug-Type from Fiber-Type Cannabis sativa L. Plants (Basel, Switzerland). doi:10.3390/plants8110496

• Cannabinoids: Carmagnola was among the two hemp varieties with the highest cannabinoid content, at 5.32% CBD by dry weight.

  “The varieties with the highest cannabinoid content were CS and Carmagnola, with 5.49% and 5.32% CBD/d.w, respectively (Table 1).”

  Fulvio F et al. (2021). Analysis of Sequence Variability and Transcriptional Profile of Cannabinoid synthase Genes in Cannabis sativa L. Chemotypes with a Focus on Cannabichromenic acid synthase. Plants (Basel, Switzerland). doi:10.3390/plants10091857

• Cannabinoids: The paper states Carmagnola is a quite heterogeneous hemp variety regarding its chemotype, citing a reference.

  “as Carmagnola has been reported as a quite heterogeneous hemp variety concerning its chemotype [43]”

  Mezzetta A et al. (2021). Influence of the Use of an Ionic Liquid as Pre-Hydrodistillation Maceration Medium on the Composition and Yield of Cannabis sativa L. Essential Oil. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). doi:10.3390/molecules26185654

• Cannabinoids: In an HPLC comparison of hemp varieties, Carmagnola was among the varieties with the highest CBD content.

  “The varieties with the highest CBD content were ‘CS’ and ‘Carmagnola’, while the lowest amount of CBD was found in ‘Santhica 27’.”

  Sirangelo TM, Ludlow RA, Spadafora ND. (2022). Multi-Omics Approaches to Study Molecular Mechanisms in Cannabis sativa. Plants (Basel, Switzerland). doi:10.3390/plants11162182

• Cannabinoids: GC-MS results suggested olivetol synthase is more active in Carmagnola than in USO31, which has lower cannabinoid concentration.
  olivetol synthase

  “where GC-MS results suggested that in cv. ‘USO31’, olivetol synthase is less active compared to cv. ‘Carmagnola’, and this could explain why ‘USO31’ contains a lower concentration of cannabinoids”

  Sirangelo TM, Ludlow RA, Spadafora ND. (2022). Multi-Omics Approaches to Study Molecular Mechanisms in Cannabis sativa. Plants (Basel, Switzerland). doi:10.3390/plants11162182

• Cannabinoids: The paper's cultivar table lists Carmagnola as a dioecious industrial hemp cultivar with a CBD type, class III.
  CBD

  “Carmagnola | dioeciuos | CBD | III | Industrial | Italy | Cultivar”

  Spampinato G et al. (2024). A three-years survey of microbial contaminants in industrial hemp inflorescences from two Italian cultivation sites. Journal of cannabis research. doi:10.1186/s42238-024-00241-z

• Cannabinoids: The paper's table lists Carmagnola as a hemp-type, low-THC cultivar from Southern Europe (Italy).
  low THChemp-type

  “C. sativa ‘Carmagnola’ | 153,871 | 131 | 86 | 36.7% | Southern Europe (Italy) | hemp-typeLow THC | NC_026562.1”

  Khabbazi SD. (2026). Comprehensive analysis of the chloroplast genome in Cannabis sativa L. reveals variations in simple sequence repeats among cultivars. Scientific reports. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-28205-0

• Terpenes: Myrcene is reported as a major or predominant terpene in Carmagnola.
  myrcene

  “Myrcene has also been reported as a major or predominant terpene in several European hemp cultivars, including Bialobrzeskie, Carmagnola, Ferimon, Futura 75, Santhica 27, Santhica 70, Tiborszallasi and Tygra”

  Stoilkovska Gjorgievska V et al. (2026). From Wild-Growing Plants to Promising Candidates for Hemp Variety Development: Morphological and Phytochemical Characterization of Macedonian Cannabis sativa L. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). PMC13707986

• Genetic analysis: The paper reports the first complete mitochondrial reference genome was obtained in 2016 from hemp variety Carmagnola.

  “the first complete mitochondrial reference genome was also obtained in 2016 from the cannabis hemp variety Carmagnola (White et al., 2016)”

  Hussain T et al. (2021). Cannabis sativa research trends, challenges, and new-age perspectives. iScience. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103391

• Genetic analysis: The six Carmagnola mitochondrial-genome duplicates were assigned to the same haplotype group (group I), serving as positive controls.

  “Duplicate cultivars (Carmagnola × 6, Chocolope × 2, Durban Poison × 2, Afghan Kush × 6, Feral Nebraska × 2 and Kompolti × 2) were assigned to the same haplotype groups (group I, I, I, I, II and IV, respectively) as positive controls.”

  Attia Z et al. (2022). Mitochondrial genomes do not appear to regulate flowering pattern/reproductive strategy in Cannabis sativa. AoB PLANTS. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plab068

• Genetic analysis: QTL mapping using WGS found that differences between Carmagnola and USO31 are mainly controlled by a small number of loci.

  “Results showed that differences between ‘Carmagnola’ and ‘USO31’ are mainly controlled by a small number of loci”

  Sirangelo TM, Ludlow RA, Spadafora ND. (2022). Multi-Omics Approaches to Study Molecular Mechanisms in Cannabis sativa. Plants (Basel, Switzerland). doi:10.3390/plants11162182

• Genetic analysis: Seven edestin-encoding cDNAs were isolated from Carmagnola and classified by sequence similarity into four type1 and three type2 edestin genes.

  “seven cDNAs encoding edestin were isolated from the C. sativa variety Carmagnola. Based on sequence similarity, four edestin genes were classified as edestin type1 (CsEde1A, CsEde1B, CsEde1C, and CsEde1D)”

  Sirangelo TM et al. (2025). Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds from Cannabis sativa Seeds: A Review Focused on Omics-Based Investigations. International journal of molecular sciences. doi:10.3390/ijms26115219

• Genetic analysis: U.S. feral assemblies formed a subgroup within the European hemp cluster, positioned near the Italian fiber cultivar 'Carmagnola'.

  “the U.S. feral assemblies, Boone County (BCMa, BCMb) and GVA-H-21-1003-002, formed a subgroup within the European hemp cluster, positioned near the Italian fiber cultivar ‘Carmagnola’.”

  Stack GM et al. (2025). Comparison of Recombination Rate, Reference Bias, and Unique Pangenomic Haplotypes in <i>Cannabis sativa</i> Using Seven De Novo Genome Assemblies. International journal of molecular sciences. doi:10.3390/ijms26031165

• Reported parentage: The paper reports Carmagnola as a dioecious hemp variety developed in Italy and selected for fiber production (reported, not genetically tested).
  dioeciousItalyfiber

  “Carmagnola, a dioecious hemp variety developed in Italy, and specifically selected for the fiber production”

  Mezzetta A et al. (2021). Influence of the Use of an Ionic Liquid as Pre-Hydrodistillation Maceration Medium on the Composition and Yield of Cannabis sativa L. Essential Oil. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). doi:10.3390/molecules26185654

• Reported parentage: Crosses between Asian and European hemp are reported to have produced Carmagnola; this is reported from cited literature, not tested in this paper.

  “Crosses between Asian and European hemp populations are reported to have resulted in cultivars including ‘Carmagnola’, ‘Kompolti’ (KOMPa, KOMPb), and many of their derivatives”

  Stack GM et al. (2025). Comparison of Recombination Rate, Reference Bias, and Unique Pangenomic Haplotypes in <i>Cannabis sativa</i> Using Seven De Novo Genome Assemblies. International journal of molecular sciences. doi:10.3390/ijms26031165

Areto Research estimateNot published by the breeder. Areto Research estimated this from the strain’s name, reported parentage and commonly described traits; it is not a source, a lab result or a prediction for any product. Details marked “general guess” have low confidence. Each estimate is replaced as soon as a breeder publishes that detail.

Indica, sativa and hybrid are retail shopping labels, not genetics. Parentage is breeder-reported and not DNA-verified. Use your product’s batch COA for tested potency. How Areto sources this page.