Finola Strain

Genetics & Lineage

Parentage not published by the breeder. No single parent pair is established for this catalog entry. Areto does not estimate parents it has no report of.

Academic research: Transcriptome SNP analysis found 'Finola' had the highest number of homozygous SNPs (149,967) among the three varieties compared. (2026; citation)

Academic research: The paper states 'Finola' was created by crossing early maturing Vavilov Institute hemp varieties and might derive from a ruderalis background; this was reported, not tested here. (2011; citation)

Academic research: Prior research cited by the paper reported a high genome repeat content of 73.3% in Finola. (2024; citation)

Academic research: The paper states that Finola, a photoperiod-insensitive cultivar, carries tandem repeats of CsFT1 (Autoflower2 locus), with structural and expressional variation versus photoperiod-sensitive varieties. (2026; citation)

Academic research: The CBDRx assembly was highly collinear with the published chromosomal assembly for Finola hemp. (2021; citation)

Academic research: The paper built a combined physical and genetic map from a cross between the drug-type strain Purple Kush and the hemp variety Finola. (2019; citation)

Academic research: Screening of mutagenized Finola plants identified induced knock-out and missense mutations in CsFAD2 and CsFAD3 genes that altered seed-oil composition. (2019; citation)

Academic research: Mutagenesis studies on Finola reported increased seed oil quality (high oleic content) and shelf life via targeted mutations of the CsFAD2 and CsFAD3 genes. (2022; citation)

Academic research: The CBCAS gene was identified and described from genome sequencing of the cultivar Finola. (2021; citation)

Academic research: In the assemblies compared, AAE1 maps to Chr4 in Finola but to Chr3 in all other accessions. (2026; citation)

Academic research: Finola, a seed oil cultivar and low varin producer, carried an 8-exon BKR variant, whereas nearly all other pangenome samples had 11- or 12-exon models. (2025; citation)

Academic research: In the Finola genome assembly, DXS1, DXS2, GPP_SSU and AAE1 were not found, and FAD2, OLS and OAC copy numbers differed from Cannbio-2. (2021; citation)

Academic research: The Finola genome assembly (784 Mb) was smaller than the new Cannbio-2 assembly (903 Mb) it was compared against. (2020; citation)

Academic research: The paper reports that fiber-type hemp cultivar Finola was sequenced for a genome-level comparison with Purple Kush. (2021; citation)

Academic research: A terpene synthase gene cloned from Finola (CsTPS3FN) was characterized as a β-myrcene synthase. (2025; citation)

Academic research: A terpene synthase gene from Finola (CsTPS37FN) was characterized as a terpinolene synthase. (2025; citation)

Academic research: A sesquiterpene synthase gene from Finola (CsTPS9FN) was characterized as a β-caryophyllene/α-humulene synthase. (2025; citation)

Academic research: A terpene synthase gene from Finola (CsTPS5FN) was characterized as a β-myrcene/(-)-α-pinene synthase. (2025; citation)

Academic research: Booth et al. identified 13 TPS genes in the transcriptome of the hemp cultivar 'Finola', as reported by this review. (2025; citation)

Effects

Aroma & Taste

Academic research (28 studies)

Peer-reviewed, open-access studies that examined samples sold or grown under this name. Findings describe those samples, not the breeder’s release, and may not match every product. Each quote is copied from the paper’s full text.

• Cannabinoids: Finola, a fiber cultivar, expressed functional sequence variants of the CBDA synthase gene, whereas Purple Kush expressed those for THCA synthase.
  CBDA synthase

  “The marijuana variety Purple Kush was found to have higher expression levels of genes encoding cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway intermediates than the fiber cultivar Finola, with Purple Kush only expressing functional sequence variants of genes coding for THCA and Finola those for CBDA synthase”

  Welling MT et al. (2016). A Belated Green Revolution for Cannabis: Virtual Genetic Resources to Fast-Track Cultivar Development. Frontiers in plant science. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01113

• Cannabinoids: Finola (5 plants) averaged 1.66% CBD and 0.31% THC (THC/CBD 0.18), classed as Fiber type.
  Fiber

  “Finola | 5 | 1.66 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.1 | 0.18 | Fiber”

  Cascini F et al. (2019). Highly Predictive Genetic Markers Distinguish Drug-Type from Fiber-Type Cannabis sativa L. Plants (Basel, Switzerland). doi:10.3390/plants8110496

• Cannabinoids: The paper used the Finola genome as representative of the dicyclic CBDA, pentyl alkyl cannabinoid chemotype lineage.
  CBDApentyl alkyl

  “reads were mapped to Cannabis var. Finola (FN) and Cannabis var. Purple Kush (PK) genomes, representative of dicyclic CBDA and tricyclic THCA pentyl alkyl cannabinoid chemotypic lineages, respectively.”

  Welling MT et al. (2020). An extreme-phenotype genome-wide association study identifies candidate cannabinoid pathway genes in Cannabis. Scientific reports. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75271-7

• Cannabinoids: Finola is listed as chemotype III in the genome assembly comparison.
  chemotype III

  “Cultivar | Finola | Purple Kush | CBDRx | Jamaican Lion (Mother) | Jamaican Lion (Father) | Jilong Chemotype | III | I | III | II | III | Unknown”

  van Velzen R, Schranz ME. (2021). Origin and Evolution of the Cannabinoid Oxidocyclase Gene Family. Genome biology and evolution. doi:10.1093/gbe/evab130

• Cannabinoids: The hemp variety Finola is reported with an average CBD level of 7% and low THC (<0.3%).
  THC <0.3%

  “The same group also reported the draft genome of a hemp variety Finola (CsFN) with an average CBD level at 7% and low THC (<0.3%).”

  Cai S et al. (2021). CannabisGDB: a comprehensive genomic database for Cannabis Sativa L. Plant biotechnology journal. doi:10.1111/pbi.13548

• Cannabinoids: In the Finola hemp variety studied, cannabinoids made up over 85% of the total extracts from the tops.

  “(Cannabis sativa L., Finola variety) at different harvesting stages have been investigated. Over 85% of the total extracts from the tops were cannabinoids”

  Noppawan P et al. (2022). Effect of harvest time on the compositional changes in essential oils, cannabinoids, and waxes of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Royal Society open science. doi:10.1098/rsos.211699

• Cannabinoids: Finola displayed higher CBDA and THCA ratios than the other cultivars, though its discrimination was driven mainly by small metabolites, fatty acids and lipids.

  “Even though Finola displayed higher CBDA and THCA ratios, the discrimination was mainly based on small metabolites, fatty acids, and lipid species present throughout the plant.”

  Ogrinc N et al. (2022). Direct In Vivo Analysis of CBD- and THC-Acid Cannabinoids and Classification of Cannabis Cultivars Using SpiderMass. Metabolites. doi:10.3390/metabo12060480

• Cannabinoids: The paper describes hemp cultivar Finola as a Type III cultivar with low THCA levels, carrying only one functional CBDAS allele (citing van Bakel et al., 2011).
  low THCAType IIIone functional CBDAS allele

  “low THCA levels in Type III cultivars (such as the hemp cultivar “Finola”) carrying only one functional CBDAS allele (van Bakel et al., 2011)”

  Murovec J et al. (2022). Analysis of Morphological Traits, Cannabinoid Profiles, THCAS Gene Sequences, and Photosynthesis in Wide and Narrow Leaflet High-Cannabidiol Breeding Populations of Medical Cannabis. Frontiers in plant science. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.786161

• Cannabinoids: Finola was cited as an example of a CBD-rich Cannabis strain in crude ethanol extract chromatographic profiles.
  CBD-rich

  “Figure 2 shows examples of chromatographic profiles of crude plant ethanol extracts of CBG-rich and CBD-rich Cannabis strains (C37 and Finola, respectively).”

  Calcaterra A et al. (2023). Natural Cannabichromene (CBC) Shows Distinct Scalemicity Grades and Enantiomeric Dominance in Cannabis sativa Strains. Journal of natural products. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01139

• Cannabinoids: Supercritical CO2 extraction of Finola inflorescences gave 2.22% CBD without decarboxylation and 6.21% CBD with decarboxylation.

  “Cultivar Finola | Inflorescences | Decarboxylation: 100 °C/6 hP (MPa): 38T (°C): 60PS (μm): ~50 F (g): 18CO2 flow rate (m3/h): 0.288 cicles—10 min maceration (static conditions) + 10 min (dynamic conditions) | Without decarboxylationCBD (% w/w): 2.22 on dry biomass (15.8 mg/g extract)With decarboxylationCBD (% w/w): 6.21 on dry biomass (50.02 mg/g extract)”

  de Aguiar AC et al. (2023). Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Technology for Recovering Valuable Phytochemicals from Cannabis sativa L. and Valorization of Its Biomass for Food Applications. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). doi:10.3390/molecules28093849

• Cannabinoids: FINOLA is reported in the literature dataset as showing lower total CBD concentrations than the Macedonian wild-origin material.
  lower total CBD

  “In the literature dataset, cultivars such as Fedora 17, Felina 32, FINOLA, Futura 75, USO 31, Kompolti hybrid TC and Carmagnola generally showed lower total CBD concentrations under the reported experimental conditions”

  Stoilkovska Gjorgievska V et al. (2026). From Wild-Growing Plants to Promising Candidates for Hemp Variety Development: Morphological and Phytochemical Characterization of Macedonian Cannabis sativa L. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). PMC13707986

• Terpenes: Citing earlier work, the paper reports that in Finola trichome heads the only significant correlation between TPS gene expression and metabolite concentration was TPS1 with D-limonene.
  D-limonene

  “looked for correlation between expression of characterized TPS genes with metabolite concentration in trichome heads from Finola flowers. The only significant correlation found was between TPS1 and D-limonene.”

  Allen KD et al. (2019). Genomic characterization of the complete terpene synthase gene family from Cannabis sativa. PloS one. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222363

• Terpenes: Finola was in a low-terpene group (268.4 µg/g-type total), with (E)-ocimene reported as a terpene found only in Finola.
  (E)-ocimene

  “A | Santhica 70, 300, 13/08 (full flowering)Santhica 27, 300, 27/08 (full flowering)Finola, 150, 11/08 (end of flowering) | 268.4 ± 40.4 | 0.9 | Finola only: (E)-ocimene.Overall low amount of all terpene”

  André A et al. (2020). Evolution of the Polyphenol and Terpene Content, Antioxidant Activity and Plant Morphology of Eight Different Fiber-Type Cultivars of Cannabis Sativa L. Cultivated at Three Sowing Densities. Plants (Basel, Switzerland). doi:10.3390/plants9121740

• Genetic analysis: The paper built a combined physical and genetic map from a cross between the drug-type strain Purple Kush and the hemp variety Finola.

  “a combined physical and genetic map derived from a cross between the drug-type strain Purple Kush and the hemp variety “Finola.””

  Laverty KU et al. (2019). A physical and genetic map of Cannabis sativa identifies extensive rearrangements at the THC/CBD acid synthase loci. Genome research. doi:10.1101/gr.242594.118

• Genetic analysis: Screening of mutagenized Finola plants identified induced knock-out and missense mutations in CsFAD2 and CsFAD3 genes that altered seed-oil composition.
  altered seed-oil composition

  “This strategy was used in hemp to find plants with specific induced knock-out and missense mutations in CsFAD2 and CsFAD3 genes leading to altered seed-oil composition in the seed hemp variety Finola (Bielecka et al., 2014).”

  Salentijn EMJ, Petit J, Trindade LM. (2019). The Complex Interactions Between Flowering Behavior and Fiber Quality in Hemp. Frontiers in plant science. doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00614

• Genetic analysis: The Finola genome assembly (784 Mb) was smaller than the new Cannbio-2 assembly (903 Mb) it was compared against.

  “the most complete with assembly size of 903 Mb when compared to the whole genome assemblies of cs10 (714 Mb), Finola (784 Mb), PK (639 Mb) and JL (797 Mb)”

  Braich S et al. (2020). A new and improved genome sequence of Cannabis sativa. GigaByte (Hong Kong, China). doi:10.46471/gigabyte.10

• Genetic analysis: The CBDRx assembly was highly collinear with the published chromosomal assembly for Finola hemp.

  “The CBDRx assembly is highly collinear with published chromosomal assemblies for Finola hemp and Purple Kush marijuana (Fig. S6)”

  Grassa CJ et al. (2021). A new Cannabis genome assembly associates elevated cannabidiol (CBD) with hemp introgressed into marijuana. The New phytologist. doi:10.1111/nph.17243

• Genetic analysis: The CBCAS gene was identified and described from genome sequencing of the cultivar Finola.

  “It was recently identified and described based on genome sequencing of the cultivar “Finola” (Laverty et al. 2019).”

  van Velzen R, Schranz ME. (2021). Origin and Evolution of the Cannabinoid Oxidocyclase Gene Family. Genome biology and evolution. doi:10.1093/gbe/evab130

• Genetic analysis: In the Finola genome assembly, DXS1, DXS2, GPP_SSU and AAE1 were not found, and FAD2, OLS and OAC copy numbers differed from Cannbio-2.

  “Within the Finola genome, DXS1, DXS2, GPP_SSU and AAE1 were not discovered, with copy number variation existing for FAD2, OLS and OAC when compared to Cannbio-2 (Table 1).”

  Matchett-Oates L et al. (2021). In silico analysis enabling informed design for genome editing in medicinal cannabis; gene families and variant characterisation. PloS one. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257413

• Genetic analysis: The paper reports that fiber-type hemp cultivar Finola was sequenced for a genome-level comparison with Purple Kush.

  “They also sequenced fiber-type hemp cultivar Finola for a genome-level comparison.”

  Hussain T et al. (2021). Cannabis sativa research trends, challenges, and new-age perspectives. iScience. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103391

• Genetic analysis: Mutagenesis studies on Finola reported increased seed oil quality (high oleic content) and shelf life via targeted mutations of the CsFAD2 and CsFAD3 genes.
  CsFAD2CsFAD3high oleic content

  “Mutagenesis studies on the hemp cultivar Finola have shown increased oil quality (high oleic content) and shelf life through targeted mutations of fatty desaturase genes CsFAD2 and CsFAD3”

  Shiels D et al. (2022). Hemp Genome Editing-Challenges and Opportunities. Frontiers in genome editing. doi:10.3389/fgeed.2022.823486

• Genetic analysis: Prior research cited by the paper reported a high genome repeat content of 73.3% in Finola.

  “high repeat levels in cannabis cultivars ‘Purple kush’ and ‘Finola’ (73.9% and 73.3%, respectively)”

  Ryu BR et al. (2024). Chromosome-level Haploid Assembly of Cannabis sativa L. cv. Pink Pepper. Scientific data. doi:10.1038/s41597-024-04288-8

• Genetic analysis: Finola, a seed oil cultivar and low varin producer, carried an 8-exon BKR variant, whereas nearly all other pangenome samples had 11- or 12-exon models.
  low varin

  “all other samples, except one 8-exon version of BKR in the seed oil cultivar Finola (low varin producer) were 11- or 12-exon models.”

  Lynch RC et al. (2025). Domesticated cannabinoid synthases amid a wild mosaic cannabis pangenome. Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09065-0

• Genetic analysis: A terpene synthase gene cloned from Finola (CsTPS3FN) was characterized as a β-myrcene synthase.
  β-myrcene synthase

  “CsTPS3FN | KY014561 | β-myrcene synthase | Finola | Mono | 1,692* | 584 | 68.90 | 6.02”

  Wiles D et al. (2025). Integrated platform for structural and functional analysis of terpene synthases of &lt;i&gt;Cannabis sativa&lt;/i&gt;. PeerJ. doi:10.7717/peerj.19723

• Genetic analysis: A terpene synthase gene from Finola (CsTPS37FN) was characterized as a terpinolene synthase.
  terpinolene synthase

  “CsTPS37FN | KY014554 | terpinolene synthase | Finola | Mono | 1,692* | 584 | 68.68 | 5.77”

  Wiles D et al. (2025). Integrated platform for structural and functional analysis of terpene synthases of &lt;i&gt;Cannabis sativa&lt;/i&gt;. PeerJ. doi:10.7717/peerj.19723

• Genetic analysis: A sesquiterpene synthase gene from Finola (CsTPS9FN) was characterized as a β-caryophyllene/α-humulene synthase.
  β-caryophylleneα-humulene

  “CsTPS9FN | KY014555 | β-caryophyllene/α-humulene synthase | Finola | Sesqui | 1,704 | 587 | 68.88 | 6.00”

  Wiles D et al. (2025). Integrated platform for structural and functional analysis of terpene synthases of &lt;i&gt;Cannabis sativa&lt;/i&gt;. PeerJ. doi:10.7717/peerj.19723

• Genetic analysis: A terpene synthase gene from Finola (CsTPS5FN) was characterized as a β-myrcene/(-)-α-pinene synthase.
  β-myrcene(-)-α-pinene

  “CsTPS5FN | KY014560 | β-myrcene/(-)-α-pinene synthase | Finola | Mono/Sesqui | 1,722 | 593 | 69.43 | 6.04”

  Wiles D et al. (2025). Integrated platform for structural and functional analysis of terpene synthases of &lt;i&gt;Cannabis sativa&lt;/i&gt;. PeerJ. doi:10.7717/peerj.19723

• Genetic analysis: Booth et al. identified 13 TPS genes in the transcriptome of the hemp cultivar 'Finola', as reported by this review.

  “Booth et al. (2017, 2020) identified 13 and 19 TPS genes in the transcriptome of the hemp cultivar ‘Finola’ and in the draft genome of the cultivar ‘Purple Kush’, respectively”

  Pancaldi F, Salentijn EMJ, Trindade LM. (2025). From fibers to flowering to metabolites: unlocking hemp (Cannabis sativa) potential with the guidance of novel discoveries and tools. Journal of experimental botany. doi:10.1093/jxb/erae405

• Genetic analysis: Transcriptome SNP analysis found 'Finola' had the highest number of homozygous SNPs (149,967) among the three varieties compared.

  “The ‘Finola’ variety showed the highest number of homozygous SNPs (149,967), whereas ‘Santhica 27’ and ‘Purple Kush’ exhibited the highest number of biallelic SNPs (62,443 and 461,557, respectively)”

  Eržen M et al. (2026). Population Structure of Genotypes and Genome-Wide Association Studies of Cannabinoids and Terpenes Synthesis in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Plants (Basel, Switzerland). doi:10.3390/plants15020202

• Genetic analysis: The paper states that Finola, a photoperiod-insensitive cultivar, carries tandem repeats of CsFT1 (Autoflower2 locus), with structural and expressional variation versus photoperiod-sensitive varieties.
  Autoflower2 locus

  “photoperiod-insensitive cultivars (e.g., Finola) carry tandem repeats of CsFT1 (Autoflower2 locus), with structural and expressional variations compared to photoperiod-sensitive varieties”

  Yang L et al. (2026). Research Progress on Flowering Period of Hemp. Plants (Basel, Switzerland). doi:10.3390/plants15050682

• Genetic analysis: In the assemblies compared, AAE1 maps to Chr4 in Finola but to Chr3 in all other accessions.

  “AAE1 maps to Chr3 in all accessions except for Finola, where it lies on Chr4.”

  Zhang J et al. (2026). Gap‐Free Cannabis sativa Assemblies Reveal Post‐Polyploid Genome Remodelling and Refine the Evolution of Cannabinoid Synthase Genes Plant biotechnology journal. PMC13691442

• Reported parentage: The paper states 'Finola' was created by crossing early maturing Vavilov Institute hemp varieties and might derive from a ruderalis background; this was reported, not tested here.

  “It was created by crossing early maturing hemp varieties from the Vavilov Research Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia), 'Finola' might be derived from a "ruderalis" genetic background [38].”

  van Bakel H et al. (2011). The draft genome and transcriptome of Cannabis sativa. Genome biology. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-10-r102

Areto Research estimateNot published by the breeder. Areto Research estimated this with AI-assisted review of the strain’s name, reported parentage and commonly described traits; it is not a source, a lab result or a prediction for any product. Details marked “general guess” have low confidence. Each estimate is replaced as soon as a breeder publishes that detail.

Indica, sativa and hybrid are retail shopping labels, not genetics. Parentage is breeder-reported and not DNA-verified. Use your product’s batch COA for tested potency. How Areto sources this page.